投稿日: 投稿者: Chika

フォントについて

今回、フォントについて調べてみました。

フォントというと明朝体やらゴシック体やらを連想しますが、

いろいろ調べていくうちに

私が知っていたそれらのものは、

書体とよばれる別のものであることを知りました。

 

書体” と “フォント” の違い

 

「書体」とは、

「ある一定の法則に従って漢字をデザイン化した文字の集まり」であり、

「フォント」は、古くからの印刷技術である活版印刷に始まります。

鉛(なまり)で出来ている金属製の活字と呼ばれる文字を、一つずつ拾い上げ、

それを組み合わせて版を作り、出っ張っている部分にインクを付け、

押しつけて紙に写すのが活版印刷なのですが、

その作業で使われている「金属製の活字」というのが、

「フォント」の本来の意味です。

最近では、金属活字よりも、

パソコン上で同じ役割を果たす書体データのことを

フォントと呼ぶことが多くなってきました。

この書体データの事を区別してデジタルフォントと呼ぶ人もいます。

 

「書体」が一貫してデザインされた文字のことを示しているに対し、

「フォント」は、その文字を印刷したり、パソコン画面上に表現するための

具体的な手段を表す言葉といえます。

このように「書体」も「フォント」も本来は区別されるべき言葉ですが、

二つの違いを意識しないといけない状況は少なく、

同じ意味で使われてしまっています。

さらにフォントを数えるときの数を表わす単語も「書体」であり、

ますます間違いやすい理由といえます。

 

今では明朝体でも細書きだったり、

太書きだったり、

手書き風、

万年筆で書いたようなカリグラフィー風、

それ以外にも同じ明朝体でも会社によって違う書体だったりします。

数多くのフォントが出回り、

容易く自分の気に入ったフォントを手に入れられるようになりました。

活版印刷の頃には、いろいろな技術を持った専門家が必要でしたが、

最近ではTDP（デスクトップ・パブリシング）を日本語では「机上出版」

または「卓上出版」といわれ、

パソコンなどでプリンターやスキャナーなどの周辺機器を使って

データを作成し、それを実際に印刷物を作れるようになりました。

 

権利者の好意で無料で配布されているフォントや著作権切れのフォントを

フリーフォントと呼びます。

フリーと言っても全てが無料ではないので気を付けてください。

個人使用のみ可とか個人使用・商用使用ともに可とかいろいろな

一次使用と呼ばれる印刷物のみ可とか

有料フォントのデモ版もフリーフォントと紹介される場合もありますが、

デモ版なのでそのまま使用することは出来ません。

 

デモとはデモンストレーション（demonstration）の意味で、

元々は有料の商品をタダで使ってもらって

使い方や良い点を知ってしてもらおうというものなので

使用する場合は必ず製作者の確認を取りましょう。

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